2 Samuel 7:1-17
Konteks7:1 The king settled into his palace, 1 for the Lord gave him relief 2 from all his enemies on all sides. 3 7:2 The king said to Nathan the prophet, “Look! I am living in a palace made from cedar, while the ark of God sits in the middle of a tent.” 7:3 Nathan replied to the king, “You should go 4 and do whatever you have in mind, 5 for the Lord is with you.” 7:4 That night the Lord told Nathan, 6 7:5 “Go, tell my servant David: ‘This is what the Lord says: Do you really intend to build a house for me to live in? 7:6 I have not lived in a house from the time I brought the Israelites up from Egypt to the present day. Instead, I was traveling with them and living in a tent. 7 7:7 Wherever I moved among all the Israelites, I did not say 8 to any of the leaders 9 whom I appointed to care for 10 my people Israel, “Why have you not built me a house made from cedar?”’
7:8 “So now, say this to my servant David: ‘This is what the Lord of hosts says: I took you from the pasture and from your work as a shepherd 11 to make you leader of my people Israel. 7:9 I was with you wherever you went, and I defeated 12 all your enemies before you. Now I will make you as famous as the great men of the earth. 13 7:10 I will establish a place for my people Israel and settle 14 them there; they will live there and not be disturbed 15 any more. Violent men 16 will not oppress them again, as they did in the beginning 7:11 and during the time when I appointed judges to lead my people Israel. Instead, I will give you relief 17 from all your enemies. The Lord declares 18 to you that he himself 19 will build a dynastic house 20 for you. 7:12 When the time comes for you to die, 21 I will raise up your descendant, one of your own sons, to succeed you, 22 and I will establish his kingdom. 7:13 He will build a house for my name, and I will make his dynasty permanent. 23 7:14 I will become his father and he will become my son. When he sins, I will correct him with the rod of men and with wounds inflicted by human beings. 7:15 But my loyal love will not be removed from him as I removed it from Saul, whom I removed from before you. 7:16 Your house and your kingdom will stand before me 24 permanently; your dynasty 25 will be permanent.’” 7:17 Nathan told David all these words that were revealed to him. 26
1 Tawarikh 17:1-15
Konteks17:1 When David had settled into his palace, 27 he 28 said to Nathan the prophet, “Look, I am living in a palace 29 made from cedar, while the ark of the Lord’s covenant is under a tent.” 30 17:2 Nathan said to David, “You should do whatever you have in mind, 31 for God is with you.”
17:3 That night God told Nathan the prophet, 32 17:4 “Go, tell my servant David: ‘This is what the Lord says: “You must not build me a house in which to live. 17:5 For I have not lived in a house from the time I brought Israel up from Egypt 33 to the present day. I have lived in a tent that has been in various places. 34 17:6 Wherever I moved throughout Israel, I did not say 35 to any of the leaders whom I appointed to care for my people Israel, 36 ‘Why have you not built me a house made from cedar?’”’
17:7 “So now, say this to my servant David: ‘This is what the Lord who commands armies 37 says: “I took you from the pasture and from your work as a shepherd 38 to make you a leader of my people Israel. 17:8 I was with you wherever you went and I defeated 39 all your enemies before you. Now I will make you as famous as the great men of the earth. 40 17:9 I will establish a place for my people Israel and settle 41 them there; they will live there and not be disturbed 42 anymore. Violent men will not oppress them again, as they did in the beginning 43 17:10 and during the time when I appointed judges to lead my people Israel. I will subdue all your enemies.
“‘“I declare to you that the Lord will build a dynastic house 44 for you! 17:11 When the time comes for you to die, 45 I will raise up your descendant, 46 one of your own sons, to succeed you, and I will establish his kingdom. 17:12 He will build me a house, and I will make his dynasty permanent. 47 17:13 I will become his father and he will become my son. I will never withhold my loyal love from him, as I withheld it from the one who ruled before you. 48 17:14 I will put him in permanent charge of my house and my kingdom; his dynasty will be permanent.”’” 49 17:15 Nathan told David all these words that were revealed to him. 50
2 Samuel 7:18-29
Konteks7:18 King David went in, sat before the Lord, and said, “Who am I, O Lord God, and what is my family, 51 that you should have brought me to this point? 7:19 And you didn’t stop there, O Lord God! You have also spoken about the future of your servant’s family. 52 Is this your usual way of dealing with men, 53 O Lord God? 7:20 What more can David say to you? You have given your servant special recognition, 54 O Lord God! 7:21 For the sake of your promise and according to your purpose 55 you have done this great thing in order to reveal it to your servant. 56 7:22 Therefore you are great, O Lord God, for there is none like you! There is no God besides you! What we have heard is true! 57 7:23 Who is like your people, Israel, a unique nation 58 on the earth? Their God 59 went 60 to claim 61 a nation for himself and to make a name for himself! You did great and awesome acts for your land, 62 before your people whom you delivered for yourself from the Egyptian empire and its gods. 63 7:24 You made Israel your very own people for all time. 64 You, O Lord, became their God. 7:25 So now, O Lord God, make this promise you have made about your servant and his family a permanent reality. 65 Do as you promised, 66 7:26 so you may gain lasting fame, 67 as people say, 68 ‘The Lord of hosts is God over Israel!’ The dynasty 69 of your servant David will be established before you, 7:27 for you, O Lord of hosts, the God of Israel, have told 70 your servant, ‘I will build you a dynastic house.’ 71 That is why your servant has had the courage 72 to pray this prayer to you. 7:28 Now, O sovereign Lord, you are the true God! 73 May your words prove to be true! 74 You have made this good promise to your servant! 75 7:29 Now be willing to bless your servant’s dynasty 76 so that it may stand permanently before you, for you, O sovereign Lord, have spoken. By your blessing may your servant’s dynasty be blessed on into the future!” 77
1 Tawarikh 17:16-27
Konteks17:16 David went in, sat before the Lord, and said: “Who am I, O Lord God, and what is my family, 78 that you should have brought me to this point? 17:17 And you did not stop there, O God! You have also spoken about the future of your servant’s family. 79 You have revealed to me what men long to know, 80 O Lord God. 17:18 What more can David say 81 to you? You have honored your servant; you have given your servant special recognition. 82 17:19 O Lord, for the sake of your servant and according to your will, 83 you have done this great thing in order to reveal your greatness. 84 17:20 O Lord, there is none like you; there is no God besides you! What we heard is true! 85 17:21 And who is like your people, Israel, a unique nation 86 in the earth? Their God 87 went to claim 88 a nation for himself! You made a name for yourself by doing great and awesome deeds 89 when you drove out 90 nations before your people whom you had delivered from the Egyptian empire and its gods. 91 17:22 You made Israel your very own nation for all time. 92 You, O Lord, became their God. 17:23 So now, O Lord, may the promise you made about your servant and his family become a permanent reality! 93 Do as you promised, 94 17:24 so 95 it may become a reality 96 and you may gain lasting fame, 97 as people say, 98 ‘The Lord who commands armies is the God of Israel.’ 99 David’s dynasty 100 will be established before you, 17:25 for you, my God, have revealed to your servant that you will build a dynasty 101 for him. That is why your servant has had the courage to pray to you. 102 17:26 Now, O Lord, you are the true God; 103 you have made this good promise to your servant. 104 17:27 Now you are willing to bless your servant’s dynasty 105 so that it may stand permanently before you, for you, O Lord, have blessed it and it will be blessed from now on into the future.” 106
2 Samuel 8:1-14
Konteks8:1 Later David defeated the Philistines and subdued them. David took Metheg Ammah 107 from the Philistines. 108 8:2 He defeated the Moabites. He made them lie on the ground and then used a rope to measure them off. He put two-thirds of them to death and spared the other third. 109 The Moabites became David’s subjects and brought tribute. 110 8:3 David defeated King Hadadezer son of Rehob of Zobah when he came to reestablish 111 his authority 112 over the Euphrates 113 River. 8:4 David seized from him 1,700 charioteers 114 and 20,000 infantrymen. David cut the hamstrings of all but a hundred of the chariot horses. 115 8:5 The Arameans of Damascus came to help King Hadadezer of Zobah, but David killed 22,000 of the Arameans. 8:6 David placed garrisons in the territory of the Arameans of Damascus; the Arameans became David’s subjects and brought tribute. The Lord protected 116 David wherever he campaigned. 117 8:7 David took the golden shields that belonged to Hadadezer’s servants and brought them to Jerusalem. 118 8:8 From Tebah 119 and Berothai, Hadadezer’s cities, King David took a great deal of bronze.
8:9 When King Toi 120 of Hamath heard that David had defeated the entire army of Hadadezer, 8:10 he 121 sent his son Joram 122 to King David to extend his best wishes 123 and to pronounce a blessing on him for his victory over Hadadezer, for Toi had been at war with Hadadezer. 124 He brought with him various items made of silver, gold, and bronze. 125 8:11 King David dedicated these things to the Lord, 126 along with the dedicated silver and gold that he had taken from 127 all the nations that he had subdued, 8:12 including 128 Aram, 129 Moab, the Ammonites, the Philistines, and Amelek. This also included some of the plunder taken from 130 King Hadadezer son of Rehob of Zobah.
8:13 David became famous 131 when he returned from defeating the Arameans 132 in the Valley of Salt, he defeated 133 18,000 in all. 8:14 He placed garrisons throughout Edom, 134 and all the Edomites became David’s subjects. The Lord protected David wherever he campaigned.
1 Tawarikh 18:1-13
Konteks18:1 Later David defeated the Philistines and subdued them. He took Gath and its surrounding towns 135 away from the Philistines. 136
18:2 He defeated the Moabites; the Moabites became David’s subjects and brought tribute. 137
18:3 David defeated King Hadadezer of Zobah as far as Hamath, when he went to extend his authority 138 to the Euphrates River. 139 18:4 David seized from him 1,000 chariots, 7,000 charioteers, 140 and 20,000 infantrymen. David cut the hamstrings of all but a hundred of Hadadezer’s 141 chariot horses. 142 18:5 The Arameans of Damascus came to help King Hadadezer of Zobah, but David killed 22,000 of the Arameans. 18:6 David placed garrisons in the territory of the Arameans of Damascus; 143 the Arameans became David’s subjects and brought tribute. The Lord protected 144 David wherever he campaigned. 145 18:7 David took the golden shields which Hadadezer’s servants had carried 146 and brought them to Jerusalem. 147 18:8 From Tibhath 148 and Kun, 149 Hadadezer’s cities, David took a great deal of bronze. (Solomon used it to make the big bronze basin called “The Sea,” 150 the pillars, and other bronze items.
18:9 When King Tou 151 of Hamath heard that David had defeated the entire army of King Hadadezer of Zobah, 18:10 he sent his son Hadoram 152 to King David to extend his best wishes 153 and to pronounce a blessing on him for his victory over Hadadezer, for Tou had been at war with Hadadezer. 154 He also sent various items made of gold, silver, and bronze. 155 18:11 King David dedicated these things to the Lord, 156 along with the silver and gold which he had carried off from all the nations, including 157 Edom, 158 Moab, the Ammonites, the Philistines, and Amalek.
18:12 Abishai son of Zeruiah 159 killed 18,000 Edomites in the Valley of Salt. 18:13 He placed garrisons in Edom, and all the Edomites became David’s subjects. The Lord protected 160 David wherever he campaigned. 161
Mazmur 60:1-12
KonteksFor the music director; according to the shushan-eduth style; 163 a prayer 164 of David written to instruct others. 165 It was written when he fought against Aram Naharaim and Aram-Zobah. That was when Joab turned back and struck down 166 12,000 Edomites 167 in the Valley of Salt. 168
60:1 O God, you have rejected us. 169
You suddenly turned on us in your anger. 170
Please restore us! 171
60:2 You made the earth quake; you split it open. 172
Repair its breaches, for it is ready to fall. 173
60:3 You have made your people experience hard times; 174
you have made us drink intoxicating wine. 175
60:4 You have given your loyal followers 176 a rallying flag,
so that they might seek safety from the bow. 177 (Selah)
60:5 Deliver by your power 178 and answer me, 179
so that the ones you love may be safe. 180
60:6 God has spoken in his sanctuary: 181
“I will triumph! I will parcel out Shechem;
the Valley of Succoth I will measure off. 182
60:7 Gilead belongs to me,
as does Manasseh! 183
Ephraim is my helmet, 184
Judah my royal scepter. 185
60:8 Moab is my washbasin. 186
I will make Edom serve me. 187
I will shout in triumph over Philistia.” 188
60:9 Who will lead me into the fortified city?
Who will bring me to Edom? 189
60:10 Have you not rejected us, O God?
O God, you do not go into battle with our armies.
60:11 Give us help against the enemy,
for any help men might offer is futile. 190
60:12 By God’s power we will conquer; 191
he will trample down 192 our enemies.
[7:1] 1 tn Heb “house” (also in the following verse).
[7:1] 3 tn The translation understands the disjunctive clause in v. 1b as circumstantial-causal.
[7:3] 4 tc Several medieval Hebrew
[7:3] 5 tn Heb “all that is in your heart.”
[7:4] 6 tn Heb “the word of the
[7:6] 7 tn Heb “in a tent and in a dwelling.” The expression is a hendiadys, using two terms to express one idea.
[7:7] 8 tn Heb “Did I speak a word?” In the Hebrew text the statement is phrased as a rhetorical question.
[7:7] 9 tn Heb “tribes” (so KJV, NASB, NCV), but the parallel passage in 1 Chr 17:6 has “judges.”
[7:7] 10 tn Heb “whom I commanded to shepherd” (so NIV, NRSV).
[7:8] 11 tn Heb “and from after the sheep.”
[7:9] 13 tn Heb “and I will make for you a great name like the name of the great ones who are in the earth.”
[7:10] 16 tn Heb “the sons of violence.”
[7:11] 18 tn In the Hebrew text the verb is apparently perfect with vav consecutive, which would normally suggest a future sense (“he will declare”; so the LXX, ἀπαγγελεῖ [apangelei]). But the context seems instead to call for a present or past nuance (“he declares” or “he has declared”). The synoptic passage in 1 Chr 17:10 has וָאַגִּד (va’aggid, “and I declared”). The construction used in 2 Sam 7:11 highlights this important statement.
[7:11] 20 tn Heb “house,” but used here in a metaphorical sense, referring to a royal dynasty. Here the
[7:12] 21 tn Heb, “when your days are full and you lie down with your ancestors.”
[7:12] 22 tn Heb “your seed after you who comes out from your insides.”
[7:13] 23 tn Heb “and I will establish the throne of his kingdom permanently.”
[7:16] 24 tc Heb “before you.” A few medieval Hebrew
[7:17] 26 tn Heb “according to all these words and according to all this revelation, so Nathan said to David.”
[17:1] 28 tn Heb “David.” The pronoun “he” has been used in the translation here to avoid redundancy in keeping with contemporary English style.
[17:1] 30 tn Heb “tent curtains.”
[17:2] 31 tn Heb “all which is in your heart.”
[17:3] 32 tn Heb “the word of God was [i.e., came] to Nathan the prophet.”
[17:5] 33 tn The words “from Egypt” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
[17:5] 34 tc Heb “and I was from tent to tent and from tabernacle.” The words אֶל־מִשְּׁכָּן (’el-mishÿkan, “to tabernacle”) should probably be added at the end of the sentence to complete this prepositional phrase and produce symmetry with the preceding prepositional phrase. The words probably fell from the text by homoioteleuton.
[17:5] sn I have lived in a tent that has been in various places. The point here is that the Lord moved with the tabernacle as it moved from place to place; he did not confine himself to a particular location.
[17:6] 35 tn In the Hebrew text the statement is phrased as a rhetorical question (“Did I say?”) meaning “I did not say.”
[17:6] 36 tn Heb “to one of the judges of Israel whom I commanded to shepherd my people.”
[17:7] 37 tn Traditionally, “
[17:7] 38 tn Heb “and from after sheep.”
[17:8] 40 tn Heb “and I will make for you a name like the name of the great men who are in the earth.”
[17:9] 43 tn Heb “and sons of violence will no longer consume them as in the beginning.”
[17:10] 44 tn Here the word “house” is used in a metaphorical sense, referring to a royal dynasty. The
[17:11] 45 tn Heb “and it will be when your days are full to go with your ancestors.”
[17:11] 46 tn Heb “your seed.”
[17:12] 47 tn Heb “and I will establish his throne permanently.”
[17:13] 48 sn The one who ruled before you is a reference to Saul, from whom the kingdom was taken and given to David.
[17:14] 49 tn Heb “and his throne will be established permanently.”
[17:15] 50 tn Heb “according to all these words and according to all this revelation, so Nathan said to David.”
[7:19] 52 tn Heb “and this was small in your eyes, O
[7:19] 53 tn Heb “and this [is] the law of man”; KJV “is this the manner of man, O Lord God?”; NAB “this too you have shown to man”; NRSV “May this be instruction for the people, O Lord God!” This part of the verse is very enigmatic; no completely satisfying solution has yet been suggested. The present translation tries to make sense of the MT by understanding the phrase as a question that underscores the uniqueness of God’s dealings with David as described here. The parallel passage in 1 Chr 17:17 reads differently (see the note there).
[7:20] 54 tn Heb “and you know your servant.” The verb here refers to recognizing another in a special way and giving them special treatment (see 1 Chr 17:18). Some English versions take this to refer to the Lord’s knowledge of David himself: CEV “you know my thoughts”; NLT “know what I am really like.”
[7:21] 55 tn Heb “for the sake of your word and according to your heart.”
[7:21] 56 tn Heb “to make known, your servant.”
[7:22] 57 tn Heb “in all which we heard with our ears.” The phrase translated “in all” בְּכֹל (bÿkhol) should probably be emended to “according to all” כְּכֹל (kÿkhol).
[7:23] 58 tn Heb “a nation, one.”
[7:23] 59 tn Heb “whose God” or “because God.” In the Hebrew text this clause is subordinated to what precedes. The clauses are separated in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[7:23] 60 tn The verb is plural in Hebrew, agreeing grammatically with the divine name, which is a plural of degree.
[7:23] 62 tn Heb “and to do for you [plural form] the great [thing] and awesome [things] for your land.”
[7:23] 63 tn Heb “from Egypt, nations and their gods.” The LXX has “nations and tents,” which reflects a mistaken metathesis of letters in אֶלֹהָיו (e’lohav, “its gods”) and אֹהָלָיו (’ohalav, “its tents”).
[7:24] 64 tn Heb “and you established for yourself your people Israel for yourself for a people permanently.”
[7:25] 65 tn Heb “and now, O
[7:25] 66 tn Heb “as you have spoken.”
[7:26] 67 tn Heb “and your name might be great permanently.” Following the imperative in v. 23b, the prefixed verbal form with vav conjunctive indicates purpose/result.
[7:26] 68 tn Heb “saying.” The words “as people” are supplied in the translation for clarification and stylistic reasons.
[7:26] 69 tn Heb “the house.” See the note on “dynastic house” in the following verse.
[7:27] 70 tn Heb “have uncovered the ear of.”
[7:27] 71 tn Heb “a house.” This maintains the wordplay from v. 11 (see the note on the word “house” there) and is continued in v. 29.
[7:27] 72 tn Heb “has found his heart.”
[7:28] 73 tn Heb “the God.” The article indicates uniqueness here.
[7:28] 74 tn The translation understands the prefixed verb form as a jussive, indicating David’s wish/prayer. Another option is to take the form as an imperfect and translate “your words are true.”
[7:28] 75 tn Heb “and you have spoken to your servant this good thing.”
[7:29] 76 tn Heb “house” (again later in this verse). See the note on “dynastic house” in v. 27.
[7:29] 77 tn Or “permanently”; cf. NLT “it is an eternal blessing.”
[17:17] 79 tn Heb “and this was small in your eyes, O God, so you spoke concerning the house of your servant for a distance.”
[17:17] 80 tn The translation “You have revealed to me what men long to know” is very tentative; the meaning of the Hebrew text is unclear. The text appears to read literally, “and you see me like the searching of man, that which is upward,” which is nonsensical. The translation above assumes the following: (1) The Qal verb translated “you see me” is repointed as a Hiphil, “you showed me,” (2) תּוֹר (tor) is understood in the sense of “searching, exploring,” and (3) הַמַּעֲלָה (hamma’alah) is taken in a temporal sense of “that which lies beyond.” Thus one could translate, “you have shown me what men search for, what lies beyond.”
[17:18] 81 tn The word “say” is supplied in the translation for clarification.
[17:18] 82 tn Heb “for honoring your servant, and you, your servant, know.”
[17:19] 84 tn Heb “to make known all the great deeds.”
[17:20] 85 tn The Hebrew text reads literally, “in all which we heard with our ears,” but בְּכֹל (bÿkhol, “in all”) should probably be emended to כְּכֹל (kÿkhol, “according to all”).
[17:21] 86 tn Heb “a nation, one.”
[17:21] 87 tn Heb “whose God,” or “because God.” In the Hebrew text this clause is subordinated to what precedes. The clauses are separated in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[17:21] 88 tn Heb “redeem” or “deliver.”
[17:21] 89 tn Heb “to make for yourself a name [with] great and awesome [deeds].”
[17:21] 90 tn Heb “to drive out.”
[17:21] 91 tn Heb “from Egypt, nations.” The parallel text in 2 Sam 7:23 reads “from Egypt, nations and its gods.”
[17:22] 92 tn Heb “and you made your people Israel your own for a people permanently.”
[17:23] 93 tn Heb “and now, O
[17:23] 94 tn Heb “as you have spoken.”
[17:24] 95 tn Following the imperative in v. 23b, the prefixed verbal form with vav (ו) conjunctive indicates purpose/result: “so it might become a reality.”
[17:24] 96 tn Heb “so it might be established.”
[17:24] 97 tn Heb “and your name might be great permanently.” Following the imperative in v. 23b, the prefixed verbal form with vav conjunctive indicates purpose/result (parallel to the previous purpose/result clause): “[so]…you might gain lasting fame.”
[17:24] 98 tn Heb “saying.” The words “as people” are supplied in the translation for clarification and for stylistic reasons.
[17:24] 99 tc Heb “the
[17:24] 100 tn Heb “the house of David.”
[17:25] 102 tn Heb “That is why your servant found to pray before you.” Perhaps the phrase אֶת לִבּוֹ (’et libbo, “his heart”) should be supplied as the object of the verb “found.”
[17:26] 103 tn Heb “the God.” The article indicates uniqueness here.
[17:26] 104 tn Heb “and you have spoken to your servant this good thing.”
[17:27] 106 tn Heb “for you, O
[8:1] 107 tn Heb “the bridle of one cubit.” Many English versions treat this as a place name because the parallel text in 1 Chr 18:1 reads “Gath” (which is used by NLT here). It is possible that “the bridle of one cubit” is to be understood as “the token of surrender,” referring to the Philistine’s defeat rather than a specific place (cf. TEV, CEV).
[8:1] 108 tn Heb “from the hand [i.e., control] of the Philistines.”
[8:2] 109 tn Heb “and he measured [with] two [lengths] of rope to put to death and [with] the fullness of the rope to keep alive.”
[8:2] 110 tn Heb “and the Moabites were servants of David, carriers of tribute.”
[8:3] 111 tc The LXX has ἐπιστῆσαι (episthsai, “cause to stand”). See the parallel text in 1 Chr 18:3.
[8:3] 113 tn The MT does not have the name “Euphrates” in the text. It is supplied in the margin (Qere) as one of ten places where the Masoretes believed that something was “to be read although it was not written” in the text as they had received it. The ancient versions (LXX, Syriac Peshitta, Vulgate) include the word. See also the parallel text in 1 Chr 18:3.
[8:4] 114 tc The LXX has “one thousand chariots and seven thousand charioteers,” a reading adopted in the text of the NIV. See the parallel text in 1 Chr 18:4.
[8:4] 115 tn Heb “and David cut the hamstrings of all the chariot horses, and he left from them a hundred chariot horses.”
[8:6] 117 tn Or “wherever he went.”
[8:7] 118 tc The LXX includes seventeen words (in Greek) at the end of v. 7 that are not found in the MT. The LXX addition is as follows: “And Sousakim king of Egypt took them when he came up to Jerusalem in the days of Rehoboam the son of Solomon.” This Greek reading now finds Hebrew support in 4QSama. For a reconstruction of this poorly preserved Qumran text see E. C. Ulrich, Jr., The Qumran Text of Samuel and Josephus (HSM), 45-48.
[8:7] map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[8:8] 119 tn Heb “Betah” (so KJV, NASB, NRSV), but the name should probably be corrected to “Tebah.” See the parallel text in 1 Chr 18:8.
[8:9] 120 tn The name is spelled “Tou” in the parallel text in 1 Chr 18:9. NIV adopts the spelling “Tou” here.
[8:10] 121 tn Heb “Toi.” The proper name has been replaced by the pronoun in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[8:10] 122 tn The name appears as “Hadoram” in the parallel text in 1 Chr 18:10.
[8:10] 123 tn Heb “to ask concerning him for peace.”
[8:10] 124 tn Heb “and to bless him because he fought with Hadadezer and defeated him, for Hadadezer was a man of battles with Toi.”
[8:10] 125 tn Heb “and in his hand were items of silver and items of gold and items of bronze.”
[8:11] 126 tn Heb “also them King David made holy to the
[8:11] 127 tn Heb “with the silver and the gold that he had dedicated from.”
[8:12] 129 tc The present translation follows the MT; a few Hebrew
[8:12] 130 tn Heb “and from the plunder of.”
[8:13] 131 tn Heb “made a name.”
[8:13] 132 tn So NASB, NCV; NAB, NIV, NRSV, NLT “Edomites” (see the note on “Aram” in v. 12).
[8:13] 133 tn The words “he defeated” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[8:14] 134 tc The MT is repetitious here: “He placed in Edom garrisons; in all Edom he placed garrisons.” The Vulgate lacks “in all Edom”; most of the Greek tradition (with the exception of the Lucianic recension and the recension of Origen) and the Syriac Peshitta lack “he placed garrisons.” The MT reading appears here to be the result of a conflation of variant readings.
[18:1] 135 tn 2 Sam 8:1 identifies this region as “Metheg Ammah.”
[18:1] 136 tn Heb “from the hand of the Philistines.” Here “hand” is figurative language for “control.”
[18:2] 137 tn Heb “and the Moabites were servants of David, carriers of tribute.”
[18:3] 139 tn Heb “when he went to set up his hand at the Euphrates River.” The Hebrew word יָד (yad, “hand”) is usually understood to mean “control” or “dominion” here. However, since יָד does occasionally refer to a monument, perhaps one could translate, “to set up his monument at the Euphrates River” (i.e., as a visible marker of the limits of his dominion). For another example of the Hiphil of נָצַב (natsav) used with יָד (“monument”), see 1 Sam 15:12.
[18:4] 141 tn Heb “his”; the referent (Hadadezer) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[18:4] 142 tn Heb “and David cut the hamstrings of all the chariot horses, and he left from them one hundred chariot horses.”
[18:6] 143 tc Heb “and David placed in Aram of Damascus.” The object נְצִיבִים (nÿtsivim, “garrisons”) appears to have been accidentally omitted from the text. See v. 13, as well as the parallel passage in 2 Sam 8:6, which includes it.
[18:6] 145 tn Or “wherever he went.”
[18:7] 146 tn Heb “which were upon the servants of Hadadezer.”
[18:7] 147 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[18:8] 148 tn The MT reads “Tibhath” here, a variant name for Tebah (cf. 2 Sam 8:8). Some English translations substitute the other version of the name here (e.g., NIV, NLT), while others follow the reading of the Hebrew text at this point (e.g., NAB, NASB, NRSV).
[18:8] 149 tn The parallel text of 2 Sam 8:8 has the variant name “Berothai.”
[18:8] 150 tn Heb “the sea of bronze,” or “[the] sea, the bronze one.” See the note at 1 Kgs 7:23.
[18:9] 151 tn The name is spelled “Toi” in the parallel text in 2 Sam 8:9.
[18:10] 152 tn The name is spelled “Joram” in the parallel text in 2 Sam 8:10.
[18:10] 153 tn Heb “to ask concerning him for peace.”
[18:10] 154 tn Heb “and to bless him because he fought with Hadadezer and defeated him, for Hadadezer was a man of battles with Tou.”
[18:10] 155 tn Heb “[along with] all items of gold and silver and bronze.”
[18:11] 156 tn Heb “also them King David made holy to the
[18:11] 158 tc The parallel text of 2 Sam 8:12 of the MT reads “Aram.” However, a few Hebrew
[18:12] 159 tn The parallel text of 2 Sam 8:13 attributes this victory to David.
[18:13] 160 tn Or “delivered.”
[18:13] 161 tn Or “wherever he went.”
[60:1] 162 sn Psalm 60. The psalmist grieves over Israel’s humiliation, but in response to God’s assuring word, he asks for divine help in battle and expresses his confidence in victory.
[60:1] 163 tn The Hebrew expression means “lily of the testimony.” It may refer to a particular music style or to a tune title.
[60:1] 164 tn The precise meaning of the Hebrew word מִכְתָּם (miktam), which also appears in the heading to Pss 16, 56-59, is uncertain. HALOT 582-83 s.v. defines it as “inscription.”
[60:1] 166 tn In Josh 8:21 and Judg 20:48 the two verbs “turn back” and “strike down” are also juxtaposed. There they refer to a military counter-attack.
[60:1] 167 tn Heb “12,000 of Edom.” Perhaps one should read אֲרַם (’aram, “Aram”) here rather than אֱדוֹם (’edom, “Edom”).
[60:1] 168 sn The heading apparently refers to the military campaign recorded in 2 Sam 10 and 1 Chr 19.
[60:1] 169 sn You have rejected us. See Pss 43:2; 44:9, 23.
[60:1] 170 tn Heb “you broke out upon us, you were angry.”
[60:1] 171 tn The imperfect verbal form here expresses the psalmist’s wish or prayer.
[60:2] 172 tn The verb פָּצַם (patsam, “split open”) occurs only here in the OT. An Arabic cognate means “crack,” and an Aramaic cognate is used in Tg. Jer 22:14 with the meaning “break open, frame.” See BDB 822 s.v. and Jastrow 1205 s.v. פְּצַם.
[60:2] sn You made the earth quake; you split it open. The psalmist uses the imagery of an earthquake to describe the nation’s defeat.
[60:2] 173 sn It is ready to fall. The earth is compared to a wall that has been broken by the force of the earthquake (note the preceding line) and is ready to collapse.
[60:3] 174 tn Heb “you have caused your people to see [what is] hard.”
[60:3] 175 tn Heb “wine of staggering,” that is, intoxicating wine that makes one stagger in drunkenness. Intoxicating wine is here an image of divine judgment that makes its victims stagger like drunkards. See Isa 51:17-23.
[60:4] 176 tn Heb “those who fear you.”
[60:4] 177 tn There is a ray of hope in that God has allowed his loyal followers to rally under a battle flag. The translation assumes the verb is from the root נוּס (nus, “flee”) used here in the Hitpolel in the sense of “find safety for oneself” (HALOT 681 s.v. נוס) or “take flight for oneself” (BDB 630-31 s.v. נוּס). Another option is to take the verb as a denominative from נֵס (nes, “flag”) and translate “that it may be displayed” (BDB 651 s.v. II נסס) or “that they may assemble under the banner” (HALOT 704 s.v. II נסס). Here קֹשֶׁט (qoshet) is taken as an Aramaized form of קֶשֶׁת (qeshet, “bow”; BDB 905-6 s.v. קֶשֶׁת), though some understand the homonymic קֹשְׁטְ (qosht, “truth”) here (see Prov 22:21; cf. NASB). If one follows the latter interpretation, the line may be translated, “so that they might assemble under the banner for the sake of truth.”
[60:5] 178 tn Heb “right hand.”
[60:5] 179 tn The Qere (marginal reading) has “me,” while the Kethib (consonantal text) has “us.”
[60:5] 180 tn Or “may be rescued.” The lines are actually reversed in the Hebrew text, “So that the ones you love may be rescued, deliver by your power and answer me.”
[60:6] 181 tn Heb “in his holy place.”
[60:6] 182 sn Shechem stands for the territory west of the Jordan, the Valley of Succoth for the region east of the Jordan.
[60:7] 183 sn Gilead was located east of the Jordan. Half of the tribe of Manasseh lived east of the Jordan in the region of Bashan.
[60:7] 184 tn Heb “the protection of my head.”
[60:7] sn Ephraim, named after one of Joseph’s sons, was one of two major tribes located west of the Jordan. By comparing Ephraim to a helmet, the Lord suggests that the Ephraimites played a primary role in the defense of his land.
[60:7] 185 sn Judah, like Ephraim, was the other major tribe west of the Jordan. The Davidic king, symbolized here by the royal scepter, came from this tribe.
[60:8] 186 sn The metaphor of the washbasin, used to rinse one’s hands and feet, suggests that Moab, in contrast to Israel’s elevated position (vv. 6-7), would be reduced to the status of a servant.
[60:8] 187 tn Heb “over Edom I will throw my sandal.” The point of the metaphor is not entirely clear. Some interpret this as idiomatic for “taking possession of,” i.e., “I will take possession of Edom.” Others translate עַל (’al) as “to” and understand this as referring to a master throwing his dirty sandal to a servant so that the latter might dust it off.
[60:8] 188 tc Heb “over me, O Philistia, shout in triumph.” The translation follows the text of Ps 108:9. When the initial עֲלֵיוֹ (’aleyo, “over”) was misread as עָלַי (’alay, “over me”), the first person verb form was probably altered to an imperative to provide better sense to the line.
[60:9] 189 sn In v. 9 the psalmist speaks again and acknowledges his need for help in battle. He hopes God will volunteer, based on the affirmation of sovereignty over Edom in v. 8, but he is also aware that God has seemingly rejected the nation (v. 10, see also v. 1).
[60:11] 190 tn Heb “and futile [is] the deliverance of man.”
[60:12] 191 tn Heb “in God we will accomplish strength.” The statement refers here to military success (see Num 24:18; 1 Sam 14:48; Pss 108:13; 118:15-16).
[60:12] 192 sn Trample down. On this expression see Ps 44:5.
